Black Mangrove (Avicennia germinans)

Black Mangrove

Avicennia germinans

It breathes through aerial roots, a salt-tough guardian of coastlines. Evergreen mangrove tree; common name: black mangrove.

Full sun
N/A/week
Moderate
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Plant Needs

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Sunlight Requires full direct sunlight; tolerates coastal salt spray and strong onshore winds
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Watering Obtains moisture from natural tidal saltwater inundation; no supplemental watering needed in native habitats
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Temperature Thrives in warm tropical to subtropical temperatures; cannot survive frost or prolonged temperatures below 10°C
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Characteristics

  • Leaf: Thick, leathery elliptical leaves with salt-excreting glands on undersides
  • Flower: Small, cream to white clustered spikes with faint sweet fragrance
  • Aerial Roots: Pencil-shaped pneumatophores grow vertically from underground roots for oxygen uptake
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Care Guide

Watering

Relies on natural tidal cycles; no supplemental watering required

Fertilization

No supplemental fertilization needed in natural habitats. In controlled cultivation, dilute low-nitrogen marine-based feeds may be used sparingly

Composted seaweed tea:Use fully composted seaweed, dilute 1:40 for root drench; avoid over-application to prevent nutrient buildup
Pruning
  • Remove dead or damaged branches to preserve structural integrity
  • Thin overcrowded growth to improve airflow in managed cultivation
  • Avoid heavy pruning, as growth rate is slow in tidal habitats
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Toxicity

Warning: this plant may be toxic.

Pets & Humans

Pets: ASPCA: No known toxicity to cats

Humans: No documented toxic effects on humans

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Garden Uses & Culture

Culture: Symbolizes coastal ecosystem resilience and habitat protection

Usage: Coastal erosion control, provides shelter for juvenile marine life, traditional medicinal uses in some regional communities