Henbane (Hyoscyamus niger)

Henbane

Hyoscyamus niger

Poisonous yet historically medicinal, its fuzzy leaves hold potent alkaloids. Biennial or annual herbaceous plant; common name: stinking nightshade.

Full sun
1–2/week
Moderate
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Plant Needs

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Sunlight Full sun to partial shade; tolerates dry, poor soils but requires well-drained growing sites
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Watering Allow the top 2 cm of soil to dry completely between waterings; avoid overwatering to prevent root rot
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Temperature Hardy to -10°C; thrives in temperate climates and avoids sustained heat above 30°C
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Characteristics

  • Leaf: Ovate to oblong, covered in sticky, glandular hairs; margins irregularly toothed
  • Flower: Funnel-shaped, pale yellow to creamy white with purple veins; clustered in leaf axils
  • Stem: Erect, branched, covered in dense, foul-smelling glandular hairs
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Care Guide

Watering

Keep soil evenly moist but not waterlogged; reduce watering during prolonged dry spells only if wilting occurs

Fertilization

Apply diluted balanced fertilizer once at planting. Do not over-fertilize, as it can reduce alkaloid content and weaken overall plant health

Crushed eggshell powder:Mix dried, crushed eggshells into the top 2 cm of soil to boost calcium levels and improve drainage; avoid raw egg products to prevent pest infestations
Pruning
  • Remove spent flower heads to prevent unwanted self-seeding in managed gardens
  • Trim yellowing lower leaves to improve airflow and reduce fungal disease risk
  • Cut back the entire plant to ground level after flowering to encourage regrowth in biennial forms
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Toxicity

Warning: this plant may be toxic.

Pets & Humans

Pets: ASPCA: Highly toxic; ingestion leads to life-threatening neurological and gastrointestinal distress

Humans: Contains tropane alkaloids (hyoscyamine, scopolamine); ingestion causes severe neurological and cardiovascular effects

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Garden Uses & Culture

Culture: Historically linked to medieval medicine and folk magic; associated with divination and hallucinogenic rituals

Usage: Regulated limited medicinal use for pain relief and sedation; ornamental wildflower planting with strict safety precautions