Mopane Tree (Colophospermum mopane)

Mopane Tree

Colophospermum mopane

Its butterfly-shaped leaves paint savannas in soft green, a staple of African drylands. Deciduous tree; common name: mopane tree.

Full sun
0–1/week
Moderate
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Plant Needs

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Sunlight Requires full direct sunlight; tolerates intense UV exposure and high heat typical of semi-arid savanna regions
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Watering Highly drought-tolerant; water only during prolonged multi-week dry spells to avoid root rot
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Temperature Hardy to light frost; thrives in hot, arid to semi-arid climates with low humidity
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Characteristics

  • Leaf: Bipinnate, butterfly-shaped compound leaves; blue-green to bright green, fold at night to reduce water loss
  • Flower: Small, creamy-yellow spherical inflorescences with subtle sweet fragrance
  • Stem/Bark: Thick, rough dark brown bark; twisted, spreading branching habit
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Care Guide

Watering

Water sparingly during active growth; allow soil to fully dry between waterings

Fertilization

Diluted low-nitrogen, high-phosphorus feed once at bud break. Fertilize only if growing in severely nutrient-depleted soil

Eggshell powder top-dress:Crush dried eggshells into fine powder; sprinkle 1–2 tbsp around the tree base, 10 cm from the trunk; avoid direct contact with stems to prevent irritation
Pruning
  • Remove dead, damaged, or crossing branches in late winter before new growth emerges
  • Thin crowded inner branches to improve airflow and sunlight penetration
  • Shape young saplings to establish a strong, stable trunk structure
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Toxicity

Warning: this plant may be toxic.

Pets & Humans

Pets: ASPCA: No recorded toxicity to cats

Humans: No documented toxic effects for humans; leaves and pods are occasionally used in traditional food preparations

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Garden Uses & Culture

Culture: Symbolizes resilience in southern African indigenous cultures; used in traditional medicinal remedies for minor ailments

Usage: Durable timber for furniture and fencing; fuelwood; browse for wild herbivores including elephants and giraffes