Black-eyed Susan (Rudbeckia hirta)

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Sunlight Full sun to partial shade; produces the most blooms with 6+ hours of direct daily sunlight

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Watering Water deeply when the top 5–7 cm of soil is dry; tolerates short periods of drought once established

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Temperature Hardy to -30°C; withstands hot summer temperatures up to 35°C with consistent moisture

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Leaf: Rough, hairy lanceolate to ovate leaves with serrated margins
Flower: Daisy-like composite blooms with golden-yellow ray florets and dark brown central discs
Stem: Erect, hairy stems branching near the top

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Watering

Keep soil evenly moist during active growth to support continuous blooming

Fertilization

Apply balanced diluted liquid feed once monthly. Avoid high-nitrogen fertilizers to prevent excessive foliage growth at the expense of blooms

Banana peel tea：Soak 2–3 chopped banana peels in 4 L of water for 24 hours; dilute 1:1 with fresh water before drenching soil to avoid nutrient burn

Pruning

Deadhead spent blooms regularly to encourage continuous flowering through the growing season
Cut back stems to 10 cm above soil level after the first frost to prepare for winter dormancy
Thin overcrowded clumps in early spring to improve airflow and reduce disease risk

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Warning: this plant may be toxic.

Pets & Humans

Pets: ASPCA confirmed non-toxic; no risk of poisoning for cats

Humans: Non-toxic to humans; no known adverse health effects from ingestion or contact

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Culture: Symbolizes encouragement and motivation in traditional floral language

Usage: Ornamental garden plant; cut flower arrangements; supports pollinators including bees and butterflies