Tomato Plant (Solanum lycopersicum)

Tomato Plant

Solanum lycopersicum

Juicy red fruits taste like summer sunshine, while foliage hides mild toxins. Herbaceous annual vegetable; common name: tomato.

Full sun
1–2/week
Moderate
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Plant Needs

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Sunlight Requires full sun for optimal fruit production; tolerate partial shade in extreme heat to prevent sunscald on fruit
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Watering Keep soil consistently moist but not waterlogged; avoid wetting foliage to reduce fungal disease risk
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Temperature Thrives at 20–28°C; sensitive to frost, with growth stalling below 10°C and damage occurring below 5°C
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Characteristics

  • Leaf: Compound pinnate leaves with fuzzy texture, aromatic when crushed
  • Flower: Small yellow star-shaped blooms in terminal clusters
  • Fruit: Round or oblong berries (tomatoes) ripening from green to red, yellow, or orange
  • Stem: Hairy, branching stems; vining varieties require structural support
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Care Guide

Watering

Water deeply 1–2 times weekly to maintain consistent soil moisture; avoid overhead watering

Fertilization

Apply balanced liquid fertilizer every 2 weeks during vegetative growth. Avoid over-fertilizing with nitrogen, which promotes leaf growth over fruiting

Banana peel tea:Soak 2–3 chopped banana peels in 1 gallon of water for 3 days; dilute 1:1 with water before applying to soil to prevent nutrient burn
Pruning
  • Remove suckers (side shoots) from main stems to redirect energy toward fruit production
  • Trim yellowing or diseased foliage to improve airflow and reduce disease risk
  • Tie vining varieties to stakes or cages to support heavy fruit clusters
  • Harvest ripe fruit regularly to encourage continued blooming and fruiting
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Toxicity

Warning: this plant may be toxic.

Pets & Humans

Pets: ASPCA: Toxic foliage and unripe fruit contain solanine, leading to gastrointestinal upset if ingested

Humans: Ripe fruit is safe for consumption; unripe fruit and foliage contain solanine, causing mild mouth irritation or nausea if ingested in large amounts

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Garden Uses & Culture

Culture: Symbolizes love and prosperity in some Mediterranean cultures; one of the most widely cultivated food crops globally

Usage: Edible fruit for raw consumption, cooking, and canning; ornamental in edible landscape gardens