PlantFun
Plant Needs
Sunlight
Full sun to partial shade; full sun promotes best flowering and dense growth; tolerates brief shade in hot climates
Watering
Water deeply when the top 5 cm of soil is dry; avoid overwatering to prevent root rot, as the plant is drought-tolerant once established
Temperature
Hardy to USDA zones 6–9; tolerates cold winters and hot, humid summers without significant damage
Characteristics
- Leaf: Pinnately compound leaves with 7–19 glossy green leaflets; aromatic when crushed
- Flower: Small, greenish-yellow dioecious clusters (separate male and female plants)
- Stem/Bark: Covered in thick, sharp gray-brown spines; rough, textured bark
Care Guide
Watering
Keep soil consistently moist during active growth periods
Fertilization
Apply a balanced slow-release fertilizer once at the start of growth. Do not over-fertilize, as excess nutrients can reduce flowering and increase susceptibility to pests
Eggshell powder topdressing：Crush dried eggshells into fine powder; sprinkle 1–2 tablespoons around the base of the plant and water in lightly to release nutrients graduallyPruning
- Remove dead, damaged, or crossing branches in late winter before new growth emerges
- Thin crowded stems to improve airflow and reduce pest and disease risk
- Trim lower spiny branches to create a tree-like form if desired
- Avoid pruning during active spring growth to prevent excessive sap loss
Toxicity
Warning: this plant may be toxic.
Pets & Humans
Pets: ASPCA: Toxic; contains alkaloids that cause oral pain, drooling, vomiting, and diarrhea
Humans: Mild toxicity from bark and leaves; ingestion causes oral and gastrointestinal irritation
Garden Uses & Culture
Culture: Used historically by Indigenous peoples to relieve toothache pain by chewing on bark or leaves
Usage: Ornamental garden plant; source of aromatic oil with medicinal properties
