Black Cohosh (Actaea racemosa)

Black Cohosh

Actaea racemosa

Tall spires of white blooms cut through shade like ethereal candles. Herbaceous perennial; common names: black bugbane, fairy candle.

Partial sun
1–2/week
Moderate
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Plant Needs

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Sunlight Prefers partial to full shade; tolerates dappled sunlight, avoid harsh midday direct sun which can scorch foliage
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Watering Keep soil consistently moist but not waterlogged; mulch to retain moisture and prevent drying out
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Temperature Hardy to -30°C; thrives in cool to temperate conditions, avoid prolonged temperatures above 30°C
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Characteristics

  • Leaf: Compound, sharply toothed deep green foliage forming dense basal clumps
  • Flower: Slender, fragrant racemes of tiny white blooms reaching 0.6–1.2 m in length
  • Stem: Erect, sturdy green stems supporting upright flower spikes
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Care Guide

Watering

Maintain even soil moisture; water deeply when top 5 cm of soil feels dry

Fertilization

Apply a thin layer of compost or diluted organic feed once in early spring. Avoid high-nitrogen fertilizers which can promote foliage over flower growth

Composted banana peel tea:Steep fully composted banana peels in water for 24 hours; dilute 1:20 with water for root drenching to avoid nutrient burn
Pruning
  • Cut back spent flower spikes after blooming to maintain tidy growth
  • Remove dead or yellowing foliage in late autumn to prevent disease
  • Divide overcrowded clumps every 3–4 years in early spring to improve vigor
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Toxicity

Warning: this plant may be toxic.

Pets & Humans

Pets: ASPCA: Toxic; contains alkaloids causing vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal pain, and lethargy

Humans: Contains alkaloids; large ingestion causes gastrointestinal distress, dizziness, and nausea

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Garden Uses & Culture

Culture: Used historically in Native American medicine for women's health; symbolizes protection and tranquility in some traditions

Usage: Ornamental woodland garden plant; historical medicinal use (not recommended for self-administration)