African Milk Barrel (Euphorbia polygona)

African Milk Barrel

Euphorbia polygona

Its angular stems hold desert resilience like geometric sculptures. Succulent shrub; common name: African Milk Barrel.

Full sun
0.5–1/week
Beginner
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Plant Needs

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Sunlight Full sun to partial sun; tolerate 4–6 hours of direct daily sun, avoid intense midday sun in hot summer climates
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Watering Allow soil to dry completely between waterings; reduce frequency in winter to prevent root rot
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Temperature Thrives in 15–25°C; protect from temperatures below 10°C to avoid frost damage
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Characteristics

  • Stem: Angular, ribbed green stems with paired spines at each node; exudes milky sap when damaged
  • Leaf: Tiny, deciduous leaves that drop early, leaving spine pairs at nodes
  • Flower: Small, yellowish-green cyathia (false flowers) clustered at stem tips
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Care Guide

Watering

Water thoroughly when soil is fully dry, then drain excess water

Fertilization

Diluted cactus fertilizer applied once monthly. Stop fertilizing in autumn and winter when plant growth slows

Eggshell powder top dressing:Crush dried, rinsed eggshells into fine powder; sprinkle lightly on soil surface to boost calcium levels and improve soil drainage
Pruning
  • Remove dead or damaged stems at the base to maintain plant shape and improve airflow
  • Wear gloves while pruning to avoid contact with toxic milky sap
  • Trim overgrown branches in early spring to encourage compact, bushy growth
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Toxicity

Warning: this plant may be toxic.

Pets & Humans

Pets: ASPCA: Toxic; sap causes oral irritation, drooling, vomiting, and diarrhea

Humans: Milky sap causes skin and eye irritation; ingestion may lead to mild gastrointestinal distress

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Garden Uses & Culture

Culture: N/A

Usage: Ornamental succulent for rock gardens, container planters, and indoor succulent displays