PlantFun
Plant Needs
Sunlight
Full sun to partial shade; develops denser foliage in full sun, tolerates moderate shade in hotter regions
Watering
Water deeply during prolonged dry spells; established trees are drought-tolerant once fully rooted
Temperature
Hardy to -20°C; thrives in cool temperate climates, avoids extreme heat above 32°C
Characteristics
- Leaf: Oval, glossy dark green leaves turning copper-brown in autumn, persisting on young trees through winter.
- Flower: Small, yellow-green monoecious catkins; male catkins hang downward, female catkins are upright.
- Stem/Bark: Smooth, silvery-gray bark on mature specimens; slender branching limbs form a broad, rounded crown.
Care Guide
Watering
Water young trees weekly during dry periods; established trees only need supplemental water in extended drought
Fertilization
Apply balanced granular fertilizer once in early spring. Use slow-release fertilizer to support steady growth without overfeeding
Eggshell powder topdressing：Crush dried eggshells into fine powder; sprinkle 1–2 tbsp around the base of young trees and work lightly into topsoil to avoid runoffPruning
- Prune in late winter to early spring before new growth emerges; avoid summer pruning to prevent sap loss
- Remove dead, damaged, or crossing branches to improve airflow and structural integrity
- Thin dense inner branches to allow light penetration to lower foliage layers
- Shape young cultivars to maintain desired form; avoid heavy pruning on mature, established trees
Toxicity
Warning: this plant may be toxic.
Pets & Humans
Pets: ASPCA confirmed non-toxic to cats; no known toxic compounds present
Humans: Non-toxic to humans; no reported adverse health effects from ingestion or contact
Garden Uses & Culture
Culture: Symbolizes strength and endurance in European folklore; often used in formal landscape design
Usage: Ornamental shade tree; dense wood used for furniture, flooring, and tool handles
