PlantFun
Plant Needs
Sunlight
Full sun to partial shade; tolerates dry, poor soils once established
Watering
Drought-tolerant once mature; water young trees deeply every 7–10 days during extended dry periods
Temperature
Cold hardy to frigid winter temperatures; tolerates summer heat in temperate regions
Characteristics
- Leaf: Lobed, dark green upper surface, velvety pale underside; turns reddish-brown in fall
- Flower: Male catkins are yellow-green, pendulous; female flowers are small, reddish spikes
- Stem/Bark: Dark gray-brown bark with deep furrows; inner bark is yellow-orange
Care Guide
Watering
Water young trees deeply every 7–10 days during dry spells; mature trees need minimal supplemental water
Fertilization
Apply slow-release balanced fertilizer once in early spring. Fertilize only young, newly planted trees; mature trees rarely need supplemental feeding
Composted eggshell powder：Sprinkle a thin layer around the base of young trees; avoid direct contact with the trunk to prevent bark burnPruning
- Remove dead or damaged branches in late winter to early spring before new growth emerges
- Thin crowded interior branches to improve airflow and light penetration
- Avoid heavy pruning; maintain the tree's natural rounded canopy shape
Toxicity
Warning: this plant may be toxic.
Pets & Humans
Pets: ASPCA: Toxic; ingestion of acorns or leaves may cause vomiting, diarrhea, and abdominal pain
Humans: Ingestion of large quantities of acorns may cause gastrointestinal irritation due to tannin content
Garden Uses & Culture
Culture: Symbolizes strength and longevity in North American woodland folklore
Usage: Ornamental landscape tree; wood used for lumber, firewood, and charcoal production
