California Bay Laurel (Umbellularia californica)

California Bay Laurel

Umbellularia californica

Leaves release sharp, aromatic scent when crushed—forest perfume in a shrub. Evergreen tree or large shrub; common names: California Bay Laurel, Oregon Myrtle.

Full sun
1–2/week
Moderate
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Plant Needs

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Sunlight Full sun to partial shade; young plants benefit from dappled shade to avoid midday sun scorching; tolerates coastal fog exposure
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Watering Water deeply but infrequently, allowing the top 15–20 cm of soil to dry between waterings; drought-tolerant once established
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Temperature Hardy to -12°C; withstands summer heat up to 38°C; thrives in cool coastal temperate climates
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Characteristics

  • Leaf: Elliptical, glossy dark green leaves with leathery texture; emits strong aromatic scent when crushed
  • Flower: Small, pale yellow-green umbel clusters growing in leaf axils
  • Fruit: Round green drupe that ripens to purple-black in late summer
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Care Guide

Watering

Water deeply every 7–10 days; increase frequency during prolonged heatwaves

Fertilization

Apply a balanced slow-release fertilizer once at the start of growth. Avoid high-nitrogen fertilizers that can promote weak, leggy growth

Composted eggshell powder:Sprinkle a thin layer of finely ground, fully composted eggshells around the base of the plant every 6 months; gently work into the topsoil to avoid disturbing shallow roots
Pruning
  • Remove dead, damaged, or crossing branches in late winter to improve airflow and structure
  • Thin crowded inner branches to increase light penetration for lower foliage
  • Shape young shrubs in early spring to maintain a compact, desired form
  • Avoid heavy pruning of mature trees, as they have slow recovery rates
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Toxicity

Warning: this plant may be toxic.

Pets & Humans

Pets: ASPCA: Toxic; contains essential oils including eucalyptol that cause gastrointestinal distress and potential central nervous system depression

Humans: Ingestion of large quantities of leaves may cause oral irritation, nausea, or vomiting; concentrated essential oils can irritate skin or mucous membranes

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Garden Uses & Culture

Culture: Used by Indigenous California tribes for medicinal purposes, ceremonial smudging, and as a mosquito repellent

Usage: Dried leaves used as a milder culinary alternative to Mediterranean bay laurel; ornamental tree for coastal landscaping