Plant Needs
Sunlight
Full sun to partial shade; thrives in open, unshaded wild habitats with minimal competition
Watering
Highly drought-tolerant; water only during extended multi-week dry periods to avoid root rot
Temperature
Hardy to mild winter frosts; performs best in warm, dry summer temperatures between 20–30°C
Characteristics
- Leaf: Narrow oblong to linear leaves, 1–3 cm long, arranged oppositely along slender stems
- Flower: Tiny greenish-yellow cyathia clustered in leaf axils, lacking distinct true petals
- Stem: Slender branching stems that exude milky white sap when damaged
Care Guide
Watering
Water sparingly only when top 5 cm of soil is completely dry
Fertilization
No regular fertilization required. Tolerates nutrient-poor soils; over-fertilization may encourage excessive leggy growth
Eggshell powder top-dress:Sprinkle finely crushed, dried eggshells around plant bases to add calcium without disrupting low-nutrient soil conditionsPruning
- Remove spent flower clusters to reduce self-seeding if controlling spread in managed gardens
- Thin overcrowded stems to improve airflow and reduce fungal disease risk
- Pull entire plants by the root to eliminate unwanted growth in cultivated beds
Toxicity
Warning: this plant may be toxic.
Pets & Humans
Pets: ASPCA: Toxic; milky sap causes oral irritation, vomiting, and diarrhea
Humans: Mild skin irritation from milky sap contact; mild gastrointestinal upset if ingested
Garden Uses & Culture
Culture: N/A
Usage: N/A
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