PlantFun
Plant Needs
Sunlight
Full sun to partial shade; tolerates coastal wind and drought once fully established
Watering
Water deeply but infrequently; allow soil to dry between waterings; mature trees are highly drought-tolerant
Temperature
Hardy to -10°C; tolerates hot, dry summers and mild winters; protect young trees from prolonged heavy frost
Characteristics
- Leaf: Leathery, elliptical leaves; dark green upper surface, pale grayish-green underside; young leaves have fuzzy hairs
- Flower: Inconspicuous yellow-green catkins; male catkins are pendulous, female catkins are small and upright
- Stem/Bark: Mature bark is dark gray, fissured; young stems are covered in fine gray hairs
Care Guide
Watering
Water young trees regularly to establish root systems; mature trees need occasional deep watering during prolonged drought
Fertilization
Apply balanced slow-release fertilizer once in early spring. Avoid over-fertilization, as excess nutrients can reduce drought tolerance
Eggshell powder topdressing：Crush dried eggshells into fine powder; sprinkle lightly on soil surface around the tree base; water in to release calcium; avoid overapplication to prevent excessive soil alkalinityPruning
- Remove dead, damaged, or crossing branches in late winter to improve airflow and structural integrity
- Shape young trees to establish a strong central leader; avoid heavy pruning of mature trees
- Thin dense foliage to allow light penetration; remove suckers from the base to maintain a clean form
Toxicity
Warning: this plant may be toxic.
Pets & Humans
Pets: ASPCA: Toxic due to tannins; may cause vomiting, diarrhea, lethargy, and potential kidney damage with heavy ingestion
Humans: Contains tannins; large ingestion of acorns or leaves may cause gastrointestinal upset
Garden Uses & Culture
Culture: Symbolizes strength and longevity in Mediterranean folklore; commonly used for formal hedges and topiary
Usage: Ornamental tree for gardens and windbreaks; acorns provide food for native wildlife
