PlantFun
Plant Needs
Sunlight
Full sun to partial shade; tolerates wet soil conditions better than most oak species
Watering
Drought-tolerant once established; water deeply during prolonged dry spells, especially for young saplings
Temperature
Hardy to -20°C; tolerates hot, humid summers and cold, snowy winters
Characteristics
- Leaf: Oblong to elliptical, 10–20 cm long, glossy dark green above, pale pubescent below, with rounded lobes
- Flower: Monoecious; male catkins are yellow-green, female flowers are small reddish spikes
- Fruit: Acorn, 2–3 cm long, enclosed in a cup with warty scales; matures in one year
Care Guide
Watering
Water young trees weekly during dry periods; established trees need supplemental water only in severe, extended drought
Fertilization
Apply slow-release balanced fertilizer in early spring for young trees. Mature established trees rarely require fertilization
Composted leaf mold：Apply as a 5 cm top dressing in early spring; mix into the top layer of soil to improve moisture retention and soil structure without introducing pests or odorsPruning
- Remove dead, diseased, or crossing branches in late winter while the tree is dormant
- Thin crowded inner branches to improve air circulation and light penetration
- Avoid heavy pruning; maintain the tree's natural rounded crown shape
Toxicity
Warning: this plant may be toxic.
Pets & Humans
Pets: ASPCA: Toxic; tannins may cause vomiting, diarrhea, lethargy, and abdominal pain
Humans: Ingestion of large amounts of acorns or leaves may cause mild gastrointestinal upset due to tannins
Garden Uses & Culture
Culture: Symbolizes strength and resilience in eastern U.S. woodland cultural traditions
Usage: Ornamental shade tree; acorns provide forage for deer, turkeys, and squirrels; wood used for furniture and basket weaving
