PlantFun
Plant Needs
Sunlight
Full sun to partial shade; thrives in bright, direct sunlight and tolerates hot, dry summer conditions
Watering
Drought-tolerant once established; water deeply only during prolonged dry spells to avoid waterlogging
Temperature
Hardy to -15°C; prefers warm, dry Mediterranean climates and tolerates mild winter frost
Characteristics
- Leaf: Ovate to oblong, downy silver-grey undersides, shallow rounded lobes, dark glossy green upper surface
- Flower: Male catkins are drooping yellow-green spikes; female flowers are small reddish axillary blooms
- Fruit: Ovoid acorns (1–2 cm long), maturing over 18 months, with a scaly cup covering 1/3 of the nut
- Bark: Grey-brown, developing deep fissures with age
Care Guide
Watering
Water deeply every 7–10 days during extended dry periods; avoid frequent shallow watering
Fertilization
Apply a balanced slow-release fertilizer once in early spring. Fertilizer is only necessary for young trees or those growing in extremely poor soil
Crushed eggshell topdressing：Crush dried eggshells into fine powder; sprinkle lightly around the tree base to boost soil calcium and improve drainage; avoid direct contact with trunk to prevent pest issuesPruning
- Remove dead, damaged, or diseased branches in late winter before new growth emerges
- Thin crowded inner branches to improve airflow and light penetration
- Maintain the tree's natural rounded canopy shape; avoid heavy pruning that disrupts growth
- Trim low-hanging branches to improve clearance for foot traffic or lawn maintenance
Toxicity
Warning: this plant may be toxic.
Pets & Humans
Pets: ASPCA: Toxic; tannins can cause gastrointestinal upset and potential kidney damage if large quantities are ingested
Humans: Acorns contain tannins; large ingestion may cause mild gastrointestinal irritation
Garden Uses & Culture
Culture: Symbolizes strength, longevity, and resilience in Mediterranean folklore
Usage: Ornamental shade tree; provides habitat and food for birds and pollinators; acorns are foraged by wildlife
