PlantFun
Plant Needs
Sunlight
Full sun to partial shade; at least 6 hours of direct sun supports heavy berry production on female plants
Watering
Water deeply when the top 5–7 cm of soil is dry; avoid waterlogging to prevent root rot
Temperature
Hardy to -18°C; tolerates hot summer temperatures with consistent soil moisture
Characteristics
- Leaf: Leathery, spiny-margined, dark green glossy leaves; 5–10 cm long
- Flower: Small, white, fragrant, dioecious (male and female on separate plants)
- Fruit: Bright red drupes (berries) persist through winter on female plants
Care Guide
Watering
Keep soil consistently moist during active growth; apply mulch to retain moisture
Fertilization
Feed with acidic, slow-release fertilizer once monthly. Use fertilizer formulated for acid-loving plants to maintain soil acidity
Coffee grounds compost tea：Use fully composted coffee grounds; dilute 1:20 for root drench to lower soil pH and add mild nutrientsPruning
- Prune in late winter to shape the tree and remove dead or crossing branches
- Thin dense inner growth to improve airflow and light penetration for better berry production
- Remove suckers at the base to maintain a single trunk form
Toxicity
Warning: this plant may be toxic.
Pets & Humans
Pets: ASPCA: Toxic; contains saponins that cause gastrointestinal distress and lethargy
Humans: Ingestion of large quantities of berries may cause mild gastrointestinal upset
Garden Uses & Culture
Culture: Symbolizes Christmas and winter festivity in North America; represents longevity and hope
Usage: Ornamental garden tree; berry-laden branches used in holiday floral arrangements
